How Global Economic Environment Is Affecting International...

How Global Economic Environment is affecting International Marketers? --------By Md. Jafar Sadique, MBA, Southeast University Bangladesh 1. Introduction: International business is taking different shades and is unavoidable today. This dynamic world is rapidly changing to the extent that is has been reduced to a Global village. The truth is, we are going through the most severe global financial crisis since the days of Great Depression. Originated in USA, economic recession is affecting all the major players of world economy. Governments and major policy makers of world economy have taken notice of the urgency of the situation and†¦show more content†¦Over the years, many banks in the US started the practice of offering home loans to high risk individuals, i.e., individuals who had a high probability of defaulting on their loans. The banks justified this move by saying that even if these individuals defaulted on their loans, the amount could be recovered by selling off the property in question. Over a period of time, many of these individuals defaulted on their payments, as was expected, and the banks put the properties back on the market. However, when so many properties were put on sale at the same time, the property prices, which were already over inflated to begin with, plummeted. The unprecedented drop in property rates proved fatal for banks that had already invested most of their money in these speculative deals, and they were forced to close down. The collapse of these banks is just one of the indicative causes of the present recession. The roots of this recession can be said to lie in over-inflated property prices, oil prices, and commodity prices. Artificially inflated prices are typical of a profitable market. When the market is doing well, the sellers eventually become greedy and raise the prices. All is well, as long as the buyers continue to be able to afford the inflated prices. However, the day the prices reach a level where the majority of the buyers cannot afford them, a crash in the prices, and consequently a recession, is inevitable. 3. Present Global Economic Environment: The year 2008Show MoreRelatedChallenges Faced By Global Marketing1312 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal marketing is the process of making a product popular internationally, increasing customer needs and satisfying their requirements. Marketing comes in a broad assortment of aspect based on audience, advertisements and promotions in today’s active market place. The way of doing business by using different marketing tools, especially focus on customer demands is also known as marketing. As the world has grown smaller, an increasing number of companies have been trying to reach new markets. LargeRead MoreD. International Marketing2536 Words   |  11 PagesFalse Questions 1. International marketing is the performance of business activities designed to plan, price, promote, and direct the flow of a company s goods and services to consumers or users in more than one nation for a profit. 2.   A good illustration of an uncontrollable variable that might impact international business is a marketing decision with respect to research.   3.   The foreign uncontrollable environment is the same as the domestic uncontrollable environment.  Ã‚   4.   The level ofRead MoreThe Scope and Challenge of International Marketing6030 Words   |  25 PagesChapter 01 The Scope and Challenge of International Marketing True / False Questions 1. (p. 3) Global commerce thrives during peacetime. TRUE Difficulty: Easy Type: Knowledge 2. (p. 4) To date, the lesson for international commerce in the 21st century is expect the unexpected. TRUE Difficulty: Easy Type: Knowledge 3. (p. 5) Today, every American business is international. TRUE Difficulty: Moderate Type: Comprehension 4. 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(p. 113) Product. strategy in international markets requires making various product decisions, such as product positioning, capacity management, packaging, featuresRead MoreThe Advantages Of Online Advertising1312 Words   |  6 Pagescapability to reach a global audience at a fast rate. This enables extensive exposure and is an important characteristic of online advertising, and a major component of why online advertising is so successful. Thirdly, marketers undertaking new possibilities to perform traditional marketing strategies in electronic environments push higher chances to create synergy. Internet offers the best multimedia tools for presenting information, through the World Wide Web, a hypermedia environment. It is as furtherRead MoreMarketing Design And Innovation : Ipod Marketing Strategy1167 Words   |  5 Pagesand it power of innovation determines the competitive advantage in the local as well as international level (Johansson and Holm, 2006). If a firm can respond immediately to the change then it can get expected benefits. Before adopting any change in the system, it is essential to know its appropriateness in the organizational context. The nature of the organization, nature of the product, business environment, nature of competition etc. determine the appropriate system to be adopted in the currentRead MoreThe Effect of Language on International Marketing3141 Words   |  13 PagesProduct, Distributi on and Pricing Decisions * Examples of Language Blunders Made by International Marketers * Conclusion * Recommendations * References Introduction Marketing in the simplest description attempts to understand customers in terms of what they buy, when they buy, why they buy, how much they buy, where they buy it, and with what they buy. Internationally, this means understanding culture. How marketing efforts interact with culture determines the success or failure of a productRead MoreThe Growth Of The Internet2368 Words   |  10 Pagescommunications technology† (Chaffey et al, 2014). The purpose of this essay is to discuss how the growth of the internet is altering the relationship between consumers and brands and also the opportunities that are now available to retail marketers. Key points that will be focussed on in this essay are; the characteristics of the internet and their implications, communication models available to marketers, the market environment online and the overall impact the internet has on consumer behaviour. The internetRead MoreOil And Gas Industry Analysis1342 Words   |  6 PagesIn the last twelve months, the decline in oil and gas activities has not only led to retrenchment of workers in the oil and gas sector in the Niger Delta region in Nigeria, mainly within the International Oil Companies (IOC†s), but has also affected non-related oil and gas sectors such as the contractors and vendors to the Oil and Gas sector; this has triggered several thoughts outside the box to welcome an industry diversification. The Nigerian Government, which solely depends on the oil and gas

TS Elliots The Use of Poetry - 1277 Words

In â€Å"The Use of Poetry† T.S. Elliot delineates the function of literature: [Literature] may make us from time to time a little more aware of the deeper, unnamed feelings which form the substratum of our being, to which we rarely penetrate; for our lives are mostly a constant evasion of ourselves, and an evasion of the visible and sensible world. In other words, reading literature goes beyond just the words of the author. As readers, we become more aware of what the narrator and of what the characters might be feeling. There are feelings that form our underlying base of who we are and a lot of the times we avoid them because they’re a constant reminder of what’s real versus what we want to think is real. From time to time literature may make the readers thing of something personal that gives us a sense of reality. Through John Updike’s Rabbit Run, Vladimir Nabokov’s Pale Fire, Margaret Atwood’s Happy Endings, James Joyce’s Araby, Patrick White’s The Vivesector, and Jorge Luis Borges’ Pierre Menard, Author of the ‘Quixote’ readers come to find a sense of reality within the characters portrayed through these works. In John Updike’s Rabbit Run, we see Harry â€Å"Rabbit† Angstrom constantly running from his problems throughout the novel. The s tory begins telling us that Harry was a salesman who married a coworker Janice whom was currently pregnant with their first child. Throughout the novel we come to find that Rabbit is very self-centered, even though he doesn’t know what heShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of J Alfred Prufrock And Preludes1183 Words   |  5 PagesElliot is seen as one of the most influential modernistic poet of all time. Elliot’s poems evidently highlight the real face of modern man and modern existence by exploring the social realms that society is placed under in a desolately described, modernistic world. TS Elliot describes the industrialised world in both J Alfred Prufrock and Preludes as a disjointed, dehumanised world where mundane activities are ever-present in people’s lives. Elliot focuses on using the character’s viewpoint throughRead MoreWhat Does T.S. Eliot’s the Waste Land Tell Us About ‘Modern Spaces’?1445 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent person c onstantly. This non-logical narrative tactic helps provoke the brutal images that are created to affect the reader through shock. The intertextuality of the poem is important because it displays the influences that were important to TS Elliot throughout his life and ‘modern spaces’. He studied in England and the USA, so his knowledge of classic literature was of a large range. ‘The Waste Land’ references Shakespeare quite predominantly, and one example of this, is in the line â€Å"GoodRead MoreThe Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock by T.S. Eliot Essay1156 Words   |  5 Pagesdominant force in twentieth-century British and American poetry. With poems such as The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, he introduced an edgy, disenchanted, utterly contemporary version of French Symbolism to the English-speaking world. Most poets recognize that in producing a sensational poetic work, many concerns arise with the use of various literary tools to convey ideas, opinions or simply an observation. Through vivid imagery and metaphors, TS Elliot in his â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock†R ead MoreThe Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock1197 Words   |  5 Pagesdominant force in twentieth-century British and American poetry. With poems such as The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, he introduced an edgy, disenchanted, utterly contemporary version of French Symbolism to the English-speaking world. Most poets recognize that in producing a sensational poetic work, many concerns arise with the use of various literary tools to convey ideas, opinions or simply an observation. Through vivid imagery and metaphors, TS Elliot in his The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock

Parole Free Essays

Parole Kristofer Allison November 14, 2011 CRJ 210 Probation and Parole Parole by definition is the â€Å"conditional early release from prison or jail, under supervision, after a portion of the sentence has been served. † This practice assumes that the offender successfully demonstrated conformity to the rules and regulations of the prison environment and shows an ability to conform to society’s norms and laws. The word, parole, derives from the French â€Å"parol† meaning â€Å"word of honor† and references prisoners of war promising not to take up arms in current conflict if released. We will write a custom essay sample on Parole or any similar topic only for you Order Now How that concept came to apply to the early release of convicted, often violent, offenders is less clear. The first documented official use of early release from prison in the United States is credited to Samuel G. Howe in Boston (1847), but prior to that, other programs using pardons achieved basically the same outcome. In fact, as late as 1938, parole was simply a conditional PARDON in many states. In China, prisoners are often granted medical parole or compassionate release, which releases them on the grounds that they must receive medical treatment which cannot be provided for in prison. Occasionally, medical parole is used as a no-publicity way of releasing an accidentally imprisoned convict. The Chinese legal code has no explicit provision for exile, but often a dissident is released on the grounds that they need to be treated for a medical condition in another country, and with the understanding that they will be reincarcerated if they return to China. Parole in Italy is called Liberta condizionata. It is covered by Article 176 of the Italian Penal Code. A prisoner is eligible if he has served at least 30 months (or 26 years for life sentences), and the time remaining on his sentence is less than half the total (normally), a quarter of the total (if previously convicted or never convicted) or five years (for sentences greater than 7. 5 years). In 2006, 21 inmates were granted liberta condizionata. So parole is very hard to get in that country. In New Zealand, inmates serving a short term sentence (of up to 2 years) are automatically released after serving half their sentence, and there is no parole hearing. Inmates serving sentences of more than 2 years are normally seen before the parole board after serving one-third of the sentence, although the judge at sentencing can make an order for a minimum non-parole period of up to two-thirds of the sentence. Inmates serving life sentences usually serve a minimum of 10 years, or longer depending on the minimum non-parole period, before being eligible for parole. It should be noted, however, that parole is not an automatic right, and for the year ending 30 June 2010 more than 70% of parole hearings were declined. Many sentences include a a specific non-parole period. In the United States, courts may specify in a sentence how much time must be served before a prisoner is eligible for parole. This is often done by specifying an indeterminate sentence of, say, â€Å"15 to 25 years†. The latter type is known as an indeterminate life sentence; in contrast, a sentence of â€Å"life without the possibility of parole† is known as a determinate life sentence. In most states, the decision of whether an inmate is paroled is vested in a paroling authority such as a parole board. Mere good conduct while incarcerated in and of itself does not necessarily guarantee that an inmate will be paroled. Other factors may enter into the decision to grant or deny parole, most commonly the establishment of a permanent residence and immediate, gainful employment or some other clearly visible means of self-support upon release (such as Social Security if the prisoner is old enough to qualify). Many states now permit sentences of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole (such as for murder), and any prisoner not sentenced to either this or the death penalty will eventually have the right to petition for release The Parole Board for England and Wales was established in 1968 under the Criminal Justice Act of 1967. It became an independent executive non-departmental public body (NDPB) on 1 July 1996 under the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994. The Parole Board’s role is to make risk assessments about prisoners to decide who may safely be released into the community on parole The Parole Board must act in accordance with the type of sentence levied. Just like the United States, England uses indeterminate sentences. These include life sentence prisoners (mandatory life, discretionary life and automatic life sentence prisoners), Her Majesty’s Pleasure detainees, and prisoners given indeterminate sentences for public protection (IPP). The Parole Board also considers whether prisoners are safe to release into the community once they have completed their tariff (the minimum time they must spend in prison) and also whether the Secretary of State is justified in recalling them to prison for a breach of their life license conditions (the rules which they must observe upon release). They also use determinate sentences. These include discretionary conditional release (DCR) prisoners serving more than 4 years whose offence was committed before 4 April 2005 and prisoners given extended sentences for public protection (EPP) for offences committed on or after 4 April 2005. The Parole Board considers whether these prisoners are safe to release into the community once they have completed the minimum time they must spend in prison and also whether the Secretary of State is justified in recalling them to prison for a breach of their parole license conditions (the rules which they must observe upon release). This was just a sample of parole systems throughout the world. We can see that each country has some sort of parole system in their justice system. It seems that the countries of England and the United States parole systems mirror themselves. They also seem to have the fairest justice systems. Work Cited Probation, Parole, and Community Corrections, 3rd Edition. 3rd ed. , Dean J. Champion, Dean J. , Prentice Hall, 1999. http://www. paroleboard. govt. nz/about-us/cases-and-eligibility. html â€Å"China Grants Convicted Scholars Medical Parole†. The Chronicle of Higher Education. http://chronicle. com/weekly/v47/i47/47a04501. htm. Retrieved 2008-01-13 Bilton, A. C. and Bottomley, A K. 1971. ‘About parole’. Prison Service Journal, No. 1 (N. S. ), 6-7 How to cite Parole, Essay examples

IT Security and Technology Landscape Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the IT Security and Technology Landscape. Answer: Introduction The protection of data and information in the business organization is an integral part for the development of the organization in the market. The privacy of the data has shown many consequences in the organization. This report deals with various risks and security threats of the data and information in the organization. This report refers to three topics including IT security landscape, IT security models and controls and IT threat and risk assessment. This report outlines three topics in the IT risk management that helps in maintaining the privacy of the data and information. There are different techniques discussed in the report for managing the risks in the business organization. IT security and technology landscape The IT management in the organization have continuously enhancing the quality of the products and services in the market. The data and information in the company are maintained in the database of the company that helps in the progress of the company (Herath Herath, 2014). The use of the IoT has helped in maintaining the privacy of the data and information in the company. The companies prefer to have a cyber-insurance of their data and information that has helped in recovering the data in case of data loss. The security protocols involved in the databases server of the company are helping in maintaining the privacy of the company. On the other hand, Rieke et al., (2012) argued that the loss of the data and information cannot be recovered totally as there is a huge data breach during the cyber-attacks. Therefore, the IT risk assessment has been focusing on the reducing the threats of the cyber-attacks in the company. The IT risk management has also been focusing in the process of retr ieving the lost data and information in the company. IT security models and access controls Different types of access control models of the IT has been mentioned below: Role Based Access control The Role based access control (RBAC) model contains all the roles for permitting different types of tasks to the users in the organization. This model was developed for maintaining the administration of the company and handle the administrative challenges of the organization (Jaferian et al., 2014). There are various types of discussion roles are played in the DAC model that help in proper decision-making process of the company. This hierarchical model helps in reviewing each step in the decision-making process. The IT risks are properly analyzed in the RBAC model that helps in minimizing the cyber-attacks in the company (Kimwele, 2014). On the other hand, Rieke et al., (2012) argued that this model is unable to control the cyber-attacks as the model has no updating in the recent world. Therefore, various types viruses and malwares present in the server. This model has also recurring the process of securing the server of the data and information. The hierarchical order has put forwar d an opportunity for enriching the performance of model in market. IT security threat and risk assessment There are various IT risks and threats prevailing in the data and information of the company. These risks and security threats are mentioned below: Human Non-Human Hackers Theft (electronically and physically) Non-technical staff (financial/accounting) Accidental Inadequately trained IT staff Backup operators Technicians, Electricians Floods Lightning strikes Plumbing Viruses Fire Electrical Air (dust) Heat control Table 1: List of Risks These risks are arising in the normal conditions in the organization. Therefore, these risks are properly maintained in the companies for protecting their data and information (Angst et al., 2017). The risk assessment policies are developed in the organization for analyzing these risks in the company and find a proper solution for them (Vacca, 2012). Therefore, the risk assessment process helps in identification of the risks and developing strategies for mitigating it. There are three levels in the risks including high-level, medium-level and low-level (Bojanc, Jerman-BlaÃ… ¾i?, 2013). These categorization of risks helps in identification of the strategies for minimizing the risks and security threats in the organization. The vulnerability of security threats helps in maintaining a proper risk assessment process in the organization. These processes has helped in analyzing proper strategies. The use of the firewalls and anti-virus software have helped in providing security to the IP address of the computer and the server of the company (Peltier, 2016). The database of the company in the server has been protected by using the firewalls and anti-viruses. The firewalls helps in restricting the unauthorized users and malwares from entering the server of the organization (Ackermann, 2012). A proper risk management in the organization has able to develop strategies that helps in minimizing the risks and security threats in the organization. The tracking system of the company has enhanced that helps in the maintaining the risks and security threats j the company. The hackers continues to attack the database server of the canny and tries to breach into the data and information. Therefore, the firewall help in restricting the hackers to breach into the cloud server. Conclusion It can be concluded that risks and security threats are prevailing in the companies. The security threats and risks in the management has gained a pivotal role in the organization. The RBAC model has helped in hierarchical approach of the risk assessment process in the organization. The three different topics in the IT security has able to analyses the vulnerabilities of the IT risks and security issues in the organization. The use of different models and theories in the risk assessment have helped in maintaining a positive approach for reducing the risks and data loss from the server of the company. Therefore, the need of the IT security in the organization is important for the success of the company in the market. References Ackermann, T. (2012). IT security risk management: perceived IT security risks in the context of Cloud Computing. Springer Science Business Media. Angst, C. M., Block, E. S., DArcy, J., Kelley, K. (2017). When do IT security investments matter? Accounting for the influence of institutional factors in the context of healthcare data breaches.MIS Quarterly. Bojanc, R., Jerman-BlaÃ… ¾i?, B. (2013). A quantitative model for information-security risk management. Engineering Management Journal, 25(2), 25-37. Herath, H. S., Herath, T. C. (2014). IT security auditing: A performance evaluation decision model.Decision Support Systems,57, 54-63. Jaferian, P., Hawkey, K., Sotirakopoulos, A., Velez-Rojas, M., Beznosov, K. (2014). Heuristics for evaluating IT security management tools. HumanComputer Interaction, 29(4), 311-350. Kimwele, M. W. (2014). Information technology (IT) security in small and medium enterprises (SMEs). InInformation Systems for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises(pp. 47-64). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Peltier, T. R. (2016). Information Security Policies, Procedures, and Standards: guidelines for effective information security management. CRC Press. Rieke, R., Coppolino, L., Hutchison, A., Prieto, E., Gaber, C. (2012, October). Security and Reliability Requirements for Advanced Security Event Management. In MMM-ACNS (pp. 171-180).

Final Essay free essay sample

In this book the totalitarian government has total control over the people. The government watches everyone with telescreens which are pretty much cameras, they say â€Å"Big Brother is watching†. Also there is police called â€Å"thought police† they handle thought crime, which are thinking of something against the law. If you get caught committing a thought crime you are sentenced to death. That’s a bit harsh; the government is taking it way too far. The most convicted thought crime is people saying â€Å"down with Big Brother† The government also abuses their power in this society. There are three social classes in this society the inner party, the outer party, and the proles. The inner party is the government members and the smarter people. The outer party is made of the normal people in society, and the proles are the poor. You are born into the social class you are in you cannot move up or down. We will write a custom essay sample on Final Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The government abuses their power by totally controlling the outer party and proles, but the inner party has way more privilege than the others. They are not watched as the outer and proles are. They can commit what would be called crimes to the other parties with no consequence. There are some governments today that are totalitarian like the government in â€Å"1984†. Some examples are North Korea and Singapore. They may not be as strict as the government in Oceania but they are the same type of government. They have strict laws and harsh convictions like Oceania. North Korea is the most like Oceania’s government. In North Korea every radio is locked onto a government frequency. Cell phones and the internet is banned also, they only allow elite members of the government to access them. This is like the government in â€Å"1984† the members of the higher class get away with more things than lower classes. â€Å"The bubble that Kim Jong Il has created allows him to manipulate the minds of Korean right down to their daily life’s†. Says Fabienne Hernandaise Yahoo! Contributor Network. â€Å"North Korea is a real life â€Å"1984†Ã¢â‚¬ . Says Tony Poe, Marketing Director, Poe Travel many things are exactly the same. Just like in the book citizens are closely monitored, people don’t say anything that would cause their neighbor to rat them out. They both brain wash people in their society, there are posters everywhere. The posters have Kim IL Sung on them in North Korea and â€Å"Big Brother is watching† on them in Oceania. Also high rank officials have luxuries in both societies. There are radios in all the houses that are tuned to government channels you can’t turn it off, it’s like the telescreens in Oceania they are always on and always tuned in on you. Singapore is another country with a dictator; their government is also very strict compared to ours. They have the death sentence for small crimes in our country. If you get caught with drug possession or the use of narcotics the punishment is death. â€Å"Singapore a squeaky clean place it is†. Says Kamnan O ( ) http://www. orientexpat. com/. The act of homosexual leads to imprisonment because kissing between men is illegal. Riots of any kind are illegal, especially against the government. Another law is if you forget to flush the toilet in public it is a $500 fine. You can prevent the abuse of power by making sure that your country has a constitution that cannot be broken. You can riot to make the government fear you, if everyone rebelled and rioted there would be no way to stop it without killing innocent people. Also Anonymous will get involved and do what they do best. You can post stuff about it online and it might spread to other countries and they take action also. Make sure you know your rights so you can prove that what you doing isn’t illegal. It is our responsibility in the act of our government turning totalitarian to take action. Don’t just sit there and let it happen go out and make sure your rights aren’t taken from you. Final Essay free essay sample There are many myths that describe, or stereotype a serial killer. You may eave heard that serial killers are all dysfunctional loners or that all serial killers are white males. One might also hear that serial killers are only motivated by sex, they travel and operate interstate, they cannot stop killing, they are all insane or evil geniuses, and serial killers want to get caught. As easy as it might be to believe these stereotypes, and although some serial killers meet a few of the descriptions, they are not necessarily true.Through studying Dexter, Perfume, Silence of the Lambs, Frankincense, Dead Until Dark, and the Walking Dead it can be determined that serial killers are all river by their own unique motives, they have committed more than three murders, not limited to any specific demographic group, and are committed over a short period of time with a cooling off period. Aside from these characteristics it is undetermined why a serial has a desire to kill, they all have their own unique reason. We will write a custom essay sample on Final Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To understand why a serial killer commits their violent acts we must understand if their motive was developed by nurture or nature. Research has provided evidence leading to believe that a parental figure or childhood environment can have a large influence of a childs development into a murder. Sociologists believe that colonization factors play a key role in a serial killers life. Ones environment as a child and adult as well as interaction during ones initial nurturing phases influence the decisions one makes throughout life.Nurturing factors that are common in serial killers are neglect, failure to develop coping mechanisms, isolation, rejection, abuse, victims of bullies, and hatred towards a certain group of people. As we saw in Frankincense Victor Frankincense took the act of God and created man. When the monster had awake he found himself not only to be rejected by the people, but also by his creator. Frankincenses monster only wanted to be accepted, he wanted to be seen as a friend or a companion. Since he was only seen as a monster he turned into a monster. Seeking out revenge for the one who created him, the one who created him to be isolated him he killed those closest to Victor so he could understand what he had done. If Frankincenses monster had the proper nurturing and care from his creator, or had a companion to accept him for what he was he would have never turned into the monster that was created. In other opinions serial killers have been found to have traits such as lack of Morse or guilt, impulsively, and a need for control. These behaviors have a consistency with psychopaths, also known as a personality disorder.There are four categories of psychopaths, interpersonal traits, affective traits, lifestyle behaviors and anti-social behaviors. Interpersonal traits consist of glibness, superficial charm, grandiose sense of worth, pathological lying, and manipulation. Affective traits are known as lack of remorse, shallow affect, lack of empathy, and failure to accept responsibility. The lifestyle behaviors consist of stimulation seeking behaviors, impulsively, irresponsibility, parasitic orientation, and lack of realistic goals.Finally, the anti-social behaviors are poor behavioral controls, early childhood behavior problems, juvenile delinquency, revocation of conditional release, and criminal versatility. With common traits of psychopaths in serial killers it can be easy to believe that some are born to kill. As seen in the movie Mr Brooks, Earl Brooks was a serial killer that had no indications of killing due to childhood nurturing or up-bringing. He was a successful business man with a picture perfect family. He was announced Man of the Year and one just looking at him would never believe he was a an out to kill.Earl Brooks considered his desire to kill as an addiction. He didnt necessarily know why he had this addiction and in turn he did not know how to fight against it. He tried going to AAA meetings, he had his cooling off period for two years, but yet he still had his need for blood. When he learned that his daughter committed a murder he questioned if this addiction was genetic. We may never know the truth behind this scenario, however natural genetics and psychopaths traits can lead one to believe it is possible. As one studies other viewing and readings such as Silence of the Lambs,Dexter, Perfume, Natural Born Killers, True Blood, Dead until Dark, and The Walking Dead it can be found that both nature and nurture take a part in creating a serial killer. Dexter Morgan is a serial killer that developed a want to kill as a child. Growing up with a foster family he had all the love, nurture, and support of a normal child, but he had a missing part of him with the mystery of his dead mother. Harry, his foster father had recognized Testers need to kill early In life and was able to teach him how to kill properly.Harry was smart in understanding there was no way to contain or stop Tested sire to kill, but he was able to teach him how to go about it smart and how to do it in a way of serving the community. From a psychological standpoint Dexter had qualities of a psychopath, he was impulsive, and he had stimulation seeking behavior, lack of remorse or empathy, and manipulated and lied to others to hide his secrets. Although he did what he was taught to be normal he separated himself, he had his own way of living and viewing the world which can be said to mentally influence his decision making skills. As one may continue the book or television series of this serial killer it is earned that Dexter was found covered in his mothers blood after she had been cut into pieces, he had seen the murder take place as a young child and so that traumatic life event during his nurturing development phase played a key role in his decision making down the road and his behavior issues that kept him desiring the need of that fulfillment. His mothers death was so grounded into his head he didnt realize he was actually recreating his mothers murder by cutting up his victims.In this case life nurturing events mixed with natural behaviors created this serial killer. As another example, Greenville in Perfume was a man with an inordinate talent. At birth his mother got rid of him where he was further found and raised in an orphanage and later sold as property to work. Greenville had never been nurtured, loved, cared for, or taught right from wrong. He was left on his own to raise himself and to fulfill h is passion for making the most amazing smell in the world. Greenhouses cause for murdering primarily had been driven by his desire to create the perfect perfume, but due to his loneliness, neglect, and isolation he was not aware of right from wrong. He as irresponsible, poor behavior controls, lack of empathy and remorse, and stimulation seeking behavior. He never intentionally set out to kill until he had learned that it would be the only way he could create his perfect perfume. He was stimulated by a desire but driven by multiple natural and nurturing factors.Although not all serial killers are the same, not all have natural issues leading to others deaths and not all have nurturing factors that drive them to kill, but it can be very likely to find both natural and nurturing reasons in those that begin their journey to murder. Throughout the other readings and innings of this course we learn that Hannibal Lectern kills due to no role model, Buffalo Bill kills for need of recreation, Mackey and Mallory kill to love not only one another but also themselves, vampires kill due to being rejection, and zombies kill because they have no lively structure.

The Model Society Essays - Economic Ideologies, Economic Liberalism

The Model Society Essays - Economic Ideologies, Economic Liberalism The Model Society Lisa Pepper Professor Black CES Final Summary of the Model Society Goals of the Model Society Chart comparing aspects of different countries Comparisons between the Model Society and other major societies and theories Triangle Graph Comparisons Survey Bibliographic Information A Utopian society does not exist in any country in the world. The perfect system has not yet been developed. Certainly the United States and the Soviet Union have been two of the most admired systems OF the past, but they to are far from an ideal model of a just society which has been desired by many persons throughout the ages. This just society, is hard to define, nevertheless, this is what I propose. In the model society, all industry is nationalized and all citizens between the ages of twenty-one and forty-five are required to serve in an industrial army. This industrial army is divided into ten branches of industry, each department being under the control of a lieutenant general. Each lieutenant general is elected by a vote of all the retired members of the department he heads, thus avoiding the undesirable effects of having the workers select their own bosses. The general-in-chief of the army is the President, and all the men in the nation not involved in the industrial army elect him. No wages are paid, but all citizens, be they active or retired, receive an equal share in the national income. At the beginning of each year, every citizen is given a credit card marked off in dollars and cents, and every time he makes a purchase the amount is subtracted from his card. If any surplus is left over at the end of the year, it may be used the following year, or returned to the commo n fund. In this model society education is free and the old are provided for. And if any man who is capable of working refuses to do so, he may find himself in solitary confinement until he sees the light. 1. The provision of employment for all persons who are able and willing to work. 2. An equal distribution of money and real income among all citizens so that economic and social deprivation will not exist. 3. An increase in the level of real gross national product from year to year so that the standard of living for all citizens continues to rise. 4. An emphasis on the quality as well as the quantity of life. Full employment is in itself a desirable economic goal. It is the prime function of economy to enable everybody willing and able to work to earn a living, and only a fully employed economy performs this function. Maximum output is desirable given the communitys willingness to work, and here again full employment is a necessary condition. A more equitable distribution of income is one of the major goals of a model society. The major uncertainties of an industrial society are those of unemployment, premature death or disability, prolonged illness, and old age. These uncertainties can be taken care of through social security programs. It is necessary to provide some minimum standard of living for these families through family allowances, housing subsidies, and free medical care. An increase in the standard of living depends on the per capita income. Economic growth in this situation requires an increase in the actual output of goods as well as an increase in an economys capability to produce goods. That is why this is a fundamental goal of a model society. To an extent there is a contradiction between economic growth and the quality of the environment. Economic growth often results in smoke and fumes from more cars, litter, and pollution. In the model society emphasis would be placed on those things necessary to the environment. Although there is no such thing as a utopian society today, there are countries, which appear to have done well in providing the greatest good for the greatest number of people, and others which have done nothing to accomplish this goal. Following is brief synopsis of several different countries or theories as compared to the Model Society. Sweden is an excellent example of one such country. It displays a willingness and ability to correct problems that arise in its society today. The model society would hope to imitate

The new advancements in cloning an organ or a small body part Term Paper

The new advancements in cloning an organ or a small body part - Term Paper Example This is the very reason that an identical clone is formed through this process. The future of cloning depends totally on the new researches which are being done. Cloning so far has not been successful as it was expected. A sheep dolly was cloned in the year 1996 and it was considered as one of the most successful cloning experiment on an animal. Cloning has never showed any positive results on human beings. Cloning has been approved by many scientists and groups who argue that it holds the potential for many benefits for human beings and can serve to provide results and treatments that other methods have failed to provide. On the other hand, cloning has been rejected on the basis of ethical considerations. It has faced social as well as religious criticism owing to many reasons which include the fact that cloning has not yielded any major benefits as yet and also it serves to challenge the normal working and equilibrium of the world (Human cloning 2011; Phil B). Cloning is a process which can be compared to the stem cell research. Extracting stem cells and using them for curing diseases uses the process of cloning. Currently many research therapies are being carried out to find the viability of the stem cells. A study done in New England Journal of Medicine validates the use of stem cells in the patients who are suffering from leukemias. The research undertook many patients into consideration who were suffering from leukemias and their treatment options. The research then compared the patients who were provided with stem cell transplants with those who were not and it was found that stem cell transplant from newborn babies were effective in treating these patients. Thus it was concluded that leukemias can be treated with effective treatment by adult stem cells based on the process of cloning (Leukemia Patients Survive with Stem Cell Transplant, 2004). Similarly another research done by the UC researchers showed that bone marrow stem cells can be used to effecti vely treat disorders which are related to the eye. These stem cells can greatly help to cure the genetic eye disorders in children. Research done by the UC researchers was carried out on animals and the tests were positive. This showed that stem cells may also effectively work on human subjects to cure eye disorders (Bone Marrow Stem Cells May Cure Eye Disease, 2007). Not only this, but it was also found that adult stem cells can be used to cure heart attacks by the British physicians. The new treatment helped the heart muscles to recover from the shock that the treatment received. In other words because of the patients own stem cells the patient could recover from a heart attack as their heart muscles could be revived (Julie Wheldon, 2006). Another research carried out on skin cells to make them act as the stem cells worked quite effectively in treating rats with diseases of the brain. Parkisons Disease is one of the examples which the rats were suffering from and showed improvemen t because of the stem cells. This clearly shows that embryonic stem cells which are considered to be the basic cells of an organism can provide a breakthrough in treatments of different diseases which were previously not curable. (Stem Cells from skin treat brain disease in Rats, 2008). Another research being carried out in Spain shows that stem cells can greatly help to treat genetic disorders such as the Crohn’s Disease. It was found that 20% of the patients on which the stem cell transpl

Journal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Journal - Assignment Example I also decided to make it more narrative and explanatory like a person teaching someone. This is a good way for me to visualize myself explaining the basic concepts to someone. In reality I’m actually teaching myself. Repeating terminology, ideas, and main points helps me to remember better and to grasp a better understanding. It is also mostly present tense to reflect the fact that such marketing strategies and ideas are present day and are happening as we speak. The journal is also persuasive and methodological, helping me to reinstate and reinforce the ideas taught in class. They are not something to be argued. The matter of fact and explanatory tone helps me to easily list the points and explain in detail the concepts involved. Â   This way the overall serious and explanatory tone helps it be more formal and convey the ideas in a step by step manner. The journal acts like a guide throughout the various lectures and helps to memorize the concepts better. It is highly effective in being able to dig out the key points and write them in a manner that can be read like a fluent paragraph. This tone helps me to write down the concepts the way I understand them instead of just copying down the same words from the slide. I am able to convey my own explanation and understanding leading me to thoroughly understand the knowledge

Diversity in the Work Place Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Diversity in the Work Place - Research Paper Example The workplace diversity is developed based on the principles of EEO (Equal Employment Opportunity). It focuses on ensuring the fact that all the employees should have an equal access to the employment opportunities and conditions. Diversity means acceptance and valuing of these differences which are inherent in each and every individual and recognition of the contribution where a diverse workforce will enhance the performance and effectiveness of the organizations. The key aspect of such workplace diversity is the contribution which is made to the organization in order to set it free from all the discriminations and harassments. Challenges in the workplace diversity Some of the challenges which concern the workplace diversity process are Cultural and language barriers The cultural and language barriers are needed to be overcome for the diversity programs to be successful. Ineffective communication might result in the lack of a proper teamwork within the organization (D'Almeida, 2007) . Resistance to change Sometimes the employees refuse to accept and adapt to changes in the cultural and social environment in their workplace. This results in a resistance to fast progress of the organization. IBM The company which has been chosen for understanding the workplace diversity and its importance within an organization is IBM. International Business Machine Corporation is one of the American multinational corporations. It’s headquarter is located in Armonk, New York. The company manufactures as well as markets computer hardware and software and also offers other services like hosting, consulting etc. in various areas ranging from the mainframe computers to the nanotechnology (IBM, 2013). It is presently employing 434,246 employees (IBM, 2012). The company was established in the year 1911 on the merger of three big companies i.e. Tabulating Machine Company, the Computing Scale Company and the International Time Recording Company (The Atlantic, 2013; IBM, 2007). IBM : Views Regarding Workplace Diversity In order to remain competitive, IBM believes that it needs an employee population which understands the markets where the company serves its products and services (IBM, 2008). The company requires an employee population uniting all the different cultures, professions, perspectives, geographical origin etc. into one global integrated enterprise (IBM, 2010). The goal of the company is an enhancement of open-mindedness, awareness, knowledge, and respect for other cultures for building a stronger working team which can foster innovation. The diversity in IBM signifies that the difference is always expected, valued and encouraged within the organization so that each and every employee can be innovative, productive and achieve full potential. The mission of the company is creating such a culture, environment and climate where the talents from various regions would be valued and maximized by the utilization of this diverse talent in various fields whic h would result in the achievement of success for the corporation.

The History Of The Bionic Eye

The History Of The Bionic Eye Here, we present a description of a block scheme, specific features of design and results of testing for a prototype of a bionic eye, types of them and its applications. The bionic eye is intended to provide vision, partially to the visually impaired by use of the modern day electronics devices like CCD cameras. The comprises a computer chip that sits in the back of the individuals eye, linked up to a mini video camera built into glasses that they wear. Images captured by the camera are beamed to the chip, which translates them into impulses that the brain can interpret. Although the images produced by the artificial eye were far from perfect, they could be clear enough to allow someone who is otherwise blind to recognize faces. The paper discusses the differences working methodologies used in each of them. During the tests and the clinical trails, this device made six blind people to regain their vision partially. The potential advantage of using bionic eye is to be able to remove t he blindness completely by making the advances in the present research and improving manufacturing technologies. This break through is likely to benefit approximately one crore world population who suffer from the most common causes of blindness, Retinitis Pigmentosa, Macular Degeneration. The implant bypasses the diseased cells in the retina and stimulates the remaining viable cells. This is a revolutionary piece of technology and really has the potential to change peoples lives. But we need to be aware it is still some way in the future. INTRODUCTION A Bionic Eye is a device, which acts as an artificial eye. It is a broad term for the entire electronics system consisting of the image sensors, processors, radio transmitters receivers, and the retinal chip. Based on the institute developed these devices are developed but with minor to major differences, of these the devices with functional capability and those which are clinically tested and results proved are discussed here. Here the designers objective is to go for a system that is technically perfect with no loop holes and that is harmless to the human body which receives the system and that is commercially viable both in terms of ease of manufacture, cost and the process of implanting. Blindness means loss of vision. Rods and Cones, millions of them are in the back of every healthy human eye. They are biological solar cells in the retina that convert light to electrical impulses impulses that travel along the optic nerve to the brain where images are formed. Without them, eyes lose the capacity to see, and are declared blind. Degenerative retinal diseases result in death of photoreceptorsrod-shaped cells at the retinas periphery responsible for night vision and cone-shaped cells at its center responsible for color vision. Worldwide, 1.5 million people suffer from retinitis pigmentosa (RP), the leading cause of inherited blindness. In the Western world, agerelated macular degeneration (AMD) is the major cause of vision loss in people over age 65, and the issue is becoming more critical as the population ages. Each year, 700,000 people are diagnosed with AMD, with 10 percent becoming legally blind, defined by 20/400 vision. Many AMD patients retain some degree of peripheral vision. Currently, there is no effective treatment for most patients with AMD and RP, the researchers say . However, if one could bypass the photoreceptors and directly stimulate the inner retina with visual signals, one might be able to restore some degree of sight. Need for the BIONIC EYE: It has been shown that electric stimulation of retinal neurons can produce perception of light in patients suffering from retinal degeneration. Using this property the eye and make uses of the functional cells to retain the vision with the help of electronic devices that assist this cells in performing the task of vision, we can make these lakhs of people get back their vision at least artially. A design of an optoelectronic retinal prosthesis system that can stimulate the retina with resolution corresponding to a visual acuity of 20/80-sharp enough to orient yourself toward objects, recognize faces, read large fonts, watch TV and, perhaps most important, lead an independent life. The researchers hope their device may someday bring artificial vision to those blind due to retinal degeneration. BIONIC EYE DEFINED: Bionic Eye, Bio Electronic eye, is a device that can provide sight the detection of light. It replaces the functionality of a part or whole of eye. it is used to replace functionality as well as add functionality. It is a complex combination of multiple devices which work together for restoration of the vision of the subject. The Diseases that cause blindness:  Ã‚ ® Retinitis Pigmentosa  Ã‚ ® Macular Degeneration Of these, retinitis pigmentosa is a disease, which is a hereditary genetic disease in which peripheral rods degenerate gradually progresses towards center of eye and results in tunnel vision. As for macular degeneration, it is also genetically related , it degenerates cones in macula region, causing damage to central vision but spares peripheral retina. MIT- HARVARD DEVICE: This device follows an Epi-Retinal Approach. In this Microelectrode array replaces damaged photoreceptors, which act in the place of rods and cones to send the signals to optic nerve. The power source Laser(820nm wavelength). For image acquisition it uses a CCD Camera. Patient spectacle holds the camera and power source. It consists of two systems, system-1 which senses and transmits image and power and other system which stimulates the cells, there by making brain visualize the image. System 1:  Ã‚ ® CCD camera input External light intensity  Ã‚ ® CCD output amplitude-modulates laser source  Ã‚ ® This hits photodiode array of implant  Ã‚ ® This in turn powers stimulator chip (SC) System 2:  Ã‚ ® SC drives current to electrodes facing retina  Ã‚ ® This excites the ganglionic cells > axons > optic nerve > visual cortex in occipital lobe of brain  Ã‚ ® Brain helps in perceiving an image Advantages:  Ã‚ ® Very Early in the visual pathway  Ã‚ ® No Batteries implanted within body  Ã‚ ® No complicated surgical procedure  Ã‚ ® Power Requirement  ¼ of milliwatt Disadvantages  Ã‚ ® Axons b/w electrodes and ganglionic cells  Ã‚ ® Other axons get excited unwanted perception of large blur  Ã‚ ® Extra circuitry required for downstream electrical input Artificial Retina Prosthesis using ASR (Artificial Silicon Retina) ASR is a solid state biocompatible chip which contains an array of photo receptors, and is implanted to replace the functionality of the defective photoreceptors .Current generated by the device in response to light stimulation will alter the membrane potential of the overlying neurons and thereby activate Visual ensationsthoerv iPsuhaolsspyhsetenmes. can be evoked by electrical stimulation of the different levels of the visual pathway. Phosphenes are evoked by the stimulation of the eyeball or the visual cortex. Artificial vision created by the controlled electric stimulation of the retina has color.  Ã‚ ® Epiretinal Approach involves a semiconductor based device positioned on the surface of the retina to try to simulate the remaining overlying cells  Ã‚ ® Sfutbhreerteintianla A pproach involves implanting the ASR chip behind the retina to simulate the remaining viable cells. IMPLANT DESIGN: Primitive devices Single photosensitive pixel(3mm in diameter) Neo devices The current micro photodiode array (MPA) is comprised of a regular array of individual hotodiode subunits, each approximately 20ÃÆ'-20-ÃŽÂ ¼m square and separated by 10-ÃŽÂ ¼m channel stops (37). The resulting micro photodiode density is approximately 1,100/m2. IMPLANT features The size of implant is 50um. And it needs no external power supply. The response 500nm to 1100nm wavelength response. Working: For the technique to work, the patient must still have some functioning ganglion cells nerve cells that transmit visual information from the retinal cells to the optic nerve as well as a fully-functioning optic nerve. A tiny electronic pad is placed onto the retina of one eye, so that the electrodes are in direct contact with the ganglion cells. Each of the devices 100 electrodes can stimulate 20 to 30 cells. Real-time vision: The user wears a pair of glasses that contain a miniature camera and that wirelessly transmits video to a cellphone-sized computer in the wearers pocket. This computer processes the image information and wirelessly transmits it to a tiny electronic receiver implanted in the wearers head. When received in the implanted chip, the digital information is transformed into electrical impulses sent into the ganglion cells. From there, the brain takes over as the information travels down the optic nerve to the visual cortex at the back of the brain. The whole process occurs extremely rapidly, so that patients see in real-time. This is important any noticeable lag could stimulate the vestibular-ocular reflex, making people feel dizzy and sick. Currently recipients of the device experience a relatively narrow view, but more electrodes should provide a greater field of vision. By stimulating more ganglion cells, he hopes that visual acuity will increase dramatically. His teams next goal is to design a device with 1000 electrodes. MANUFACTURING PROCESS: Implants are comprised of a doped and ion-implanted silicon substrate disk to produce a PiN (positive-intrinsic-negative) junction. Fabrication begins with a 7.6-cm diameter semiconductor grade N-type silicon wafer. For the MPA device, a photomask is used to ion-implant shallow P+ doped wells into the front surface of the wafer, separated by channel stops in a pattern of individual micro photodiodes. An intrinsic layer automatically forms at the boundary between the P+-doped wells and the N-type substrate of the wafer. The back of the wafer is then ion-implanted to produce a N+ surface. Thereafter, an insulating layer of silicon nitrate is deposited on the front of the wafer, covering the entire surface except for the well openings. A thin adhesion layer, of chromium or titanium, is then deposited over the P+ and N+ layers. A transparent electrode layer of gold, iridium/iridium oxide, or platinum, is deposited on the front well side, and on the background side. In its simplest form, the photodiode and electrode layers are the same size. However, increasing the photodiode collector to electrode area ratio can increase the current density available at each individual micro photodiode subunit. Post Implant function and Inference.  Ã‚ ®Measurement procedure  Ã‚ ® IR stimulation at 940nm on the ASR chip  Ã‚ ® Recorded at the corneal surface using contact lens electrode  Ã‚ ® Comparison of responses of gold, platinum and iridium electrodes  Ã‚ ® Iridium based device has a longer persistence  Ã‚ ® Stability of these electrodes BIO-COMPATIBILTY RESULTS: There is no progressive change in retinal appearance that may be associated with retinal toxicity. But there is loss of photoreceptive layer over the region of implant, which is expected due to deprival of oxygen and nutrients to those cells underlying the chip. Multiple Unit Artificial Retina Chipset (MARC): The other revolutionary bio electronic eye is the MARC , this uses a ccd camera input and a laser beam or rf to transmit the image into the chip present in the retina using this a resolution of 100 pixels is achieved by using a 1010 array. It consists of a platinum or rubber silicon electrode array placed inside the eye to stimulate the cells. THE MARC SYSTEM BLOCK: Outside Eye: The video input to the marc system block is given through a CCD camera. This image is further processed using a PDA sized image processor to transmit it , we do pulse width modulation in first stage and then ASK modulation is done. This signal is further amplified using a class E power amplifier and transmitted using RF telemetry coils. Inside Eye: The signal received from the RF telemetry coils is power recovered and then these signal is ASK demodulated and the data and clock is recovered from this signals and these signal are sent to the configuration and control block of the chip which from its input decode what information has to be sent to each of the electrodes and sends them this data. And the electrodes in turn stimulate the cells in the eye so as to send this stimulation to the brain through optic nerve and help brain in visualizing the image and while this process is going on the status of each electrode is sent to the marc diagnostics chip outside the eye Block Diagram Of Image Acquisition System: The image acquisition system consists of a CMOS digital camera which acquires images and sends it to the Analog to Digital Converter. It converts this analog input to digital data. This data is first sent into a video buffer where it is processed, the images are color mapped and this processed images are sent through RS232 interface. this serial data is then sent to the electrodes or testing monitor through a RF circuit or laser beam. Marc Hermetic Sealing And Positioning: The RF coils either intra ocular or extra ocular coil arrangement as shown in figure. This rf probes receives the transmitted RF energy and give it to the MARC chip. The AC wires from this coil is sent to the MARC chip. This chip is hermetically sealed in silicone gel and the other sides of the chips have the electrodes, which stimulate the cells in eye. Advantage of the Marc system: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Compact Size 66 mm à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Diagnostic Capability à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Reduction of stress upon retina Conclusion: Researchers throughout the world have looked for ways to improve peoples lives with artificial, bionic devices. Its been 40 years since Arne Larsson received the first fully implanted cardiac pacemaker. Researchers throughout the world have looked for ways to improve peoples lives with artificial, bionic devices. Bionic devices are being developed to do more than replace defective parts. Researchers are also using them to fight illnesses. Providing power to run bionic implants and making connections to the brains control system pose the two great challenges for biomedical engineering. But what ever be the pro and cons of this system. If this system is fully developed it will change the lives of millions of people around the world. We may not restore the vision fully, but we can help them to least be able to find their way, recognize faces, read books, above all lead an independent life.

Essay --

She climbed into the car and slowly slid the key into the ignition. After placing the car in reverse and backing out of the poorly placed parking spot, she realized she had no idea where she could possibly go. She slammed the car into park and stared at the concrete wall in front of her. An underground parking garage, she thought, how suiting†¦how long could I sit here before this place is considered a cemetery? She sat there contemplating the last six months, and everything that had led her to this tomb-like cement cell. She thought of her husband, or rather the man she married. She remembered how kind he used to be. She had met Vincent in her junior year of college at Yale. He was smart, funny, handsome, and genuinely interested in her – everything that, at the time, she believed a man should be. Over the years he stopped being all of those things. He became pushy, while simultaneously paying her no attention. Luncheons, book clubs, gossip; she had quickly become so accustomed to these mundane things. She almost laughed remembering how boring her life had been before she met her. She was jolted from her daydreams of the past by a rapping at her window. Serena†¦ â€Å"Please Ana come back. I’m so sorry you saw that just please come back. It wasn’t what it looked like I swear!† Serena begged. Ana had never seen Serena this distressed looking, nor did she care. She gave her a solemn glance before she placed the car calmly into reverse and backed out of the parking space, ignoring the woman banging on the hood, begging her not to leave. She then drove up, out of the garage, and away from her tomb. She had no idea where she was going, but hell, anywhere was better than that place. The sunlight struck her hard ... ...ts. Serena covered herself with a nearby robe and ran toward her, but she couldn’t hear anything but her own heartbeat in her ears. She had been paralyzed by what she saw. She could feel the hole begin to rip in her chest as she turned to run back down the steep stairs to the parking garage. She couldn’t tell if anyone was following her or not. I’ve got to get out of here, she thought, anywhere but here. She opened her eyes and looked into the window of the diner, and she finally decided that she needed coffee. As she walked to the bar seat, a small and bouncy redhead came out of the kitchen and greeted her. â€Å"Hey there! My name is Angela.† she said with a warm smile. â€Å"You look like you could use some coffee. And on a night as dead as this, I could use some company.† What a beautiful smile, Ana thought, this could be the start of something beautiful.

Icici Bank Report

ICICI BANK ABOUT ICICI BANK: ICICI Bank is India's second-largest bank with total assets of Rs. 4,736. 47 billion (US$ 93 billion) at March 31, 2012 and profit after tax Rs. 64. 65 billion (US$ 1,271 million) for the year ended March 31, 2012. The Bank has a network of 2,766 branches and 9,363 ATMs in India, and has a presence in 19 countries, including India.ICICI Bank offers a wide range of banking products and financial services to corporate and retail customers through a variety of delivery channels and through its specialised subsidiaries in the areas of investment banking, life and non-life insurance, venture capital and asset management. ICICI Bank started as a wholly owned subsidiary of ICICI Limited, an Indian financial institution, in 1994. Four years later, when the company offered ICICI Bank's shares to the public, ICICI's shareholding was reduced to 46%.In the year 2000, ICICI Bank offered made an equity offering in the form of ADRs on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), thereby becoming the first Indian company and the first bank or financial institution from non-Japan Asia to be listed on the NYSE. In the next year, it acquired the Bank of Madura Limited in an all-stock amalgamation. Later in the year and the next fiscal year, the bank made secondary market sales to institutional investors.With a change in the corporate structure and the budding competition in the Indian Banking industry, the management of both ICICI and ICICI Bank were of the opinion that a merger between the two entities would prove to be an essential step. It was in 2001 that the Boards of Directors of ICICI and ICICI Bank sanctioned the amalgamation of ICICI and two of its wholly-owned retail finance subsidiaries, ICICI Personal Financial Services Limited and ICICI Capital Services Limited, with ICICI Bank.In the following year, the merger was approved by its shareholders, the High Court of Gujarat at Ahmedabad as well as the High Court of Judicature at Mumbai and the Reserve Bank of India. ICICI Bank has its equity shares listed in India on Bombay Stock Exchange and the National Stock Exchange of India Limited. Overseas, its American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). As of December 31, 2008, ICICI is India's second-largest bank, boasting an asset value of Rs. 3,744. 10 billion and profit after tax Rs. 30. 14 billion, for the nine months, that ended on December 31, 2008. BRANCHESOFATMS:ICICI Bank has a wide network both in Indian and abroad. In India alone, the bank has 1,420 branches and about 4,644 ATMs. Talking about foreign countries, ICICI Bank has made its presence felt in 18 countries – United States, Singapore, Bahrain, Hong Kong, Sri Lanka, Qatar and Dubai International Finance Centre and representative offices in United Arab Emirates, China, South Africa, Bangladesh, Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia. The Bank proudly holds its subsidiaries in the United Kingdom, Russia and Canada out of which, the UK subsidiary has established branches in Belgium and Germany. Products Personal Banking * Deposits * Loans Cards * Investments * Insurance * Demat Services * Wealth Management NRI Banking * Money Transfer * Bank Accounts * Investments * Property Solutions * Insurance * Loans Business Banking * Corporate Net Banking * Cash Management * Trade Services * FXOnline * SME Services * Online Taxes * Custodial Services Board Members * Mr. K. V. Kamath,- Chairman * Mr. Sridar Iyengar * Dr. Swati Piramal * Mr. Homi R. Khusrokhan * Mr. Arvind Kumar * Mr. M. S. Ramachandran Dr. Tushaar Shah Mr. V. Sridar Ms. Chanda Kochhar, Managing Director & CEO Mr. N. S. Kannan, Executive Director & CFO Mr. K. Ramkumar, Executive Director Mr. Rajiv Sabharwal,Executive Director Head Office ICICI Bank 9th Floor, South Towers ICICI Towers Bandra Kurla Complex Bandra (E) Mumbai Phone: 91-022-653 7914 Website: www. icicibank. com SWOT ANALYSIS: Strengths of ICICI Bank * ICICI is the second largest bank in ter ms of total assets and market share * Total assets of ICICI is Rs. 4062. 34 Billion and recorded a maximum profit after tax of Rs. 51. 51 billion and located in 19 countries * One of the major strength of ICICI bank according to financial analysts is its strong and transparent balance sheet * ICICI bank has first mover advantage in many of the banking and financial services.ICICI bank is the first bank in India to introduce complete mobile banking solutions and   jewelry card * The bank has PAN India presence of around 2,567 branches and 8003 ATM’s * ICICI bank is the first bank in India to attach life style benefits to banking services for exclusive purchases and tie-ups with best brands in the industry such as Nakshatra, Asmi, D’damas etc * ICICI bank has the longest working hours and additional services offering at ATM’s which attracts customers * Marketing and advertising strategies of ICICI have good reach compared to other banks in India Weaknesses of  ICICI Bank Customer support of ICICI section is not performing well in terms of resolving complaints * There are lot of consumer complaints filed against ICICI * The ICICI bank has the most stringent policies in terms of recovering the debts and loans, and credit payments. They employ third party agency to handle recovery management * There are also complaints of customer assault and abuse while recovering and the credit payment reminders are sent even before the deadlines which annoys the customers * The bank service charges are comparatively higher The employees of ICICI are bank in maximum stress because of the aggressive policies of the management to win ahead in the race. This may result in less productivity in future years Opportunities of  ICICI Bank * Banking sector is expected to grow at a rate of 17% in the next three years * The concept of saving in banks and investing in financial products is increasing in rural areas as more than 62% percentage of India’s popu lation is still in rural areas. As per 2010 data in TOI, the total number b-schools in India are more than 1500. This can ensure regular supply of trained human power in financial products and banking services * Within next four years ICICI bank is planning to open 1500 new branches * Small and non performing banks can be acquired by ICICI because of its financial strength * ICICI bank is expected to have 20% credit growth in the coming years. * ICICI bank has the minimum amount of non performing assets Threats of  ICICI Bank RBI allowed foreign banks to invest up to 74% in Indian banking * Government sector banks are in urge of modernizing the capacities to ensure the customers switching to new age banks are minimized * HDFC is the major competitor for ICICI, and other upcoming banks like AXIS, HSBC impose a major threat * In rural areas the micro financing groups hold a major share * Though customer acquisition is high on one side, the unsatisfied customers are increasing and ma ke them to switch to other banks. PORTER’S FIVE FORCE ANALYSIS: Bargaining Power of Suppliers: * Inputs have little impact on costs When inputs are not a big component of costs, suppliers of those inputs have less bargaining power. Low cost inputs positively affect  ICICI Bank. Bargaining Power of Customers * Large number of customers * When there are large numbers of customers, no one customer tends to have bargaining leverage. Limited bargaining leverage helps  ICICI Bank. Intensity of Existing Rivalry * Low storage costs (ICICI Bank) * Government limits competition (ICICI Bank) * Large industry size (ICICI Bank) Threat of Substitutes New Aspirants in Banking sector like AV Birla, Tata Group,  IFCI etc. Threat of New Competitors * Strong distribution network required (ICICI Bank) * High capital requirements (ICICI Bank) * High sunk costs limit competition (ICICI Bank) * Industry requires economies of scale (ICICI Bank) * Geographic factors limit competition (ICICI Ba nk) * High learning curve (ICICI Bank) SUBSIDIARIES COMPANIES: At March 31, 2012, ICICI Bank had 17 subsidiaries as listed in the following table: DOMESTIC SUBSIDIARIES * ICICI Securities Primary Dealership Limited * ICICI Prudential Asset Management Company Limited ICICI Prudential Trust Limited * ICICI securities Ltd. * ICICI Venture Funds Management Company Limited * ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited * ICICI Prudential Pension Funds Management Company Limited * ICICI Lombard General Insurance Company Limited * ICICI Home Finance Company Limited * ICICI Investment Management Company Limited * ICICI Trusteeship Service Limited INTERNATIONAL SUBSIDIARIES: * ICICI Bank UK PLC * ICICI Securities Inc. * ICICI International Ltd. * ICICI Bank Eurasis Ltd. Liability Company. * ICICI Securities Holdings, Inc * ICICI Bank Canada FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS:As required by United States securities regulations, ICICI Bank Limited (NYSE: IBN) filed its annual report in Form 20-F for the year ended March 31, 2012 (FY2012) on July 31, 2012. The Form 20-F annual report includes the Bank’s consolidated financial statements under Indian GAAP and a reconciliation of consolidated profit after tax and net worth under Indian GAAP to net income and stockholders’ equity under US GAAP, approved by the Audit Committee of the Board. The consolidated profit after tax for FY2012 under Indian GAAP was Rs. 7,643 crore (US$ 1,502 million) and the net income under US GAAP was Rs. ,998 crore (US$ 1,375 million). Stockholders’ equity as per US GAAP was ` 63,872 crore (US$ 12. 55 billion) at March 31, 2012 compared to the consolidated net worth as per Indian GAAP of ` 61,277 crore (US$ 12. 04 billion) ICICI BANK Key Financial Ratios of ICICI Bank Mar’12 | Mar’11| Mar '10| Mar '09| Mar '08| investment Valuation Ratios| | | | | Face Value| 10. 00| 10. 00| 10. 00| 10. 00| 10. 00| Dividend Per Share| 16. 50| 14. 00| 12. 00| 11. 00| 11. 00| Operating Profit Per Share (Rs)| 76. 15| 64. 08| 49. 80| 48. 58| 51. 29| Net Operating Profit Per Share (Rs)| 346. 19| 281. 04| 293. 74| 343. 9| 354. 71| Free Reserves Per Share (Rs)| 376. 49| 358. 12| 356. 94| 351. 04| 346. 21| Bonus in Equity Capital| –| –| –| –| –| Profitability Ratios| | | | | Interest Spread| 4. 44| 4. 01| 5. 66| 3. 66| 3. 51| Adjusted Cash Margin(%)| 17. 45| 17. 52| 13. 64| 11. 45| 11. 81| Net Profit Margin| 16. 14| 15. 91| 12. 17| 9. 74| 10. 51| Return on Long Term Fund(%)| 52. 09| 42. 97| 44. 72| 56. 72| 62. 34| Return on Net Worth(%)| 10. 70| 9. 35| 7. 79| 7. 58| 8. 94| Adjusted Return on Net Worth(%)| 10. 70| 9. 27| 7. 53| 7. 55| 8. 80| Return on Assets Excluding Revaluations| 524. 01| 478. 31| 463. 01| 444. 94| 417. 4| Return on Assets Including Revaluations| 524. 01| 478. 31| 463. 01| 444. 94| 417. 64| Management Efficiency Ratios| | | | | Interest Income / Total Funds| 9. 07| 8. 41| 8. 82| 9. 82| 10. 60| Net Interest Income / Total Fun ds| 3. 89| 4. 01| 4. 08| 3. 99| 4. 29| Non Interest Income / Total Funds| 0. 03| –| 0. 08| 0. 08| 0. 02| Interest Expended / Total Funds| 5. 18| 4. 41| 4. 74| 5. 83| 6. 31| Operating Expense / Total Funds| 1. 89| 2. 09| 2. 59| 2. 60| 2. 76| Profit Before Provisions / Total Funds| 1. 91| 1. 77| 1. 41| 1. 30| 1. 40| Net Profit / Total Funds| 1. 47| 1. 34| 1. 08| 0. 96| 1. 12| Loans Turnover| 0. 8| 0. 17| 0. 17| 0. 18| 0. 20| Total Income / Capital Employed(%)| 9. 10| 8. 41| 8. 90| 9. 90| 10. 62| Interest Expended / Capital Employed(%)| 5. 18| 4. 41| 4. 74| 5. 83| 6. 31| Total Assets Turnover Ratios| 0. 09| 0. 08| 0. 09| 0. 10| 0. 11| Asset Turnover Ratio| 0. 09| 3. 55| 4. 60| 5. 14| 5. 61| Profit And Loss Account Ratios| | | | | Interest Expended / Interest Earned| 68. 00| 65. 29| 68. 44| 73. 09| 76. 28| Other Income / Total Income| 0. 37| 0. 02| 0. 92| 0. 86| 0. 17| Operating Expense / Total Income| 20. 77| 24. 81| 29. 05| 26. 22| 26. 00| Selling Distribution Cost Composition| 0. 73| 0. 94| 0. 72| 1. 4| 4. 43| Balance Sheet Ratios| | | | | Capital Adequacy Ratio| 18. 52| 19. 54| 19. 41| 15. 53| 13. 97| Advances / Loans Funds(%)| 65. 30| 64. 96| 58. 57| 69. 86| 72. 67| Debt Coverage Ratios| | | | | Credit Deposit Ratio| 92. 23| 87. 81| 90. 04| 91. 44| 84. 99| Investment Deposit Ratio| 61. 16| 59. 77| 53. 28| 46. 35| 42. 68| Cash Deposit Ratio| 8. 60| 11. 32| 10. 72| 10. 14| 10. 12| Total Debt to Owners Fund| 4. 23| 4. 10| 3. 91| 4. 42| 5. 27| Financial Charges Coverage Ratio| 0. 39| 0. 44| 0. 33| 0. 25| 1. 25| Financial Charges Coverage Ratio Post Tax| 1. 31| 1. 34| 1. 26| 1. 20| 1. 20| Leverage Ratios| | | | |Current Ratio| 0. 13| 0. 11| 0. 14| 0. 13| 0. 11| Quick Ratio| 16. 71| 15. 86| 14. 70| 5. 94| 6. 42| Cash Flow Indicator Ratios| | | | | Dividend Payout Ratio Net Profit| 32. 82| 35. 23| 37. 31| 36. 60| 33. 12| Dividend Payout Ratio Cash Profit| 30. 36| 31. 76| 32. 33| 31. 00| 29. 08| Earning Retention Ratio| 67. 19| 64. 49| 61. 40| 63. 23| 66. 35| Cash Earning Retention Ratio| 69. 65| 68. 01| 66. 70| 68. 87| 70. 51| AdjustedCash Flow Times| 36. 54| 39. 77| 44. 79| 49. 41| 52. 34| | | | Mar '12| Mar '11| Mar '10| Mar '09| Mar '08| | | | | | | Earnings Per Share| 56. 09| 44. 73| 36. 10| 33. 76| 37. 7| | | | | | Book Value| 524. 01| 478. 31| 463. 01| 444. 94| 417. 64| | | | | | Source:Moneycontrol. com ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION: CURRENT RATIO: STUDY OF PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT: Meaning: It is a financial statement, which shows net profit & loss of a company for a specified period. The accounting year means calendar year 12 months or less or more then 12 months. Parts of the Profit and Loss Account The Profit & Loss Account aims to monitor profit. It has three parts. 1) The Trading Account. This records the money in (revenue) and out (costs) of the business as a result of the business †trading† ie buying and selling.This might be buying raw materials and selling finished goods; it might be buying goods wholesale and selling them retail. The figure at the end of this section is the Gross Profit . 2) The Profit and Loss Account. This starts with the Gross Profit and adds to it any further costs and revenues, including overheads. These further costs and revenues are from any other activities not directly related to trading. An example is income received from investments. 3) The Appropriation Account. This shows how the profit is â€Å"appropriated† or divided between the three uses mentioned above. HORIZONTAL ANALYSIS:When an analyst compares financial information for two or more years for a single company, the process is referred to as horizontal analysis, since the analyst is reading across the page to compare any single line item, such assales revenues. In addition to comparing dollar amounts, the analyst computes percentage changes from year to year for all financial statement balances, such as cash and inventory. Alternatively, in comparing financial statements for a number of years, t he analyst may prefer to use a variation of horizontal analysis called trend analysis. VERTICAL ANALYSIS:When using vertical analysis, the analyst calculates each item on a single financial statement as a percentage of a total. The term vertical analysis applies because each year's figures are listed vertically on a financial statement. The total used by the analyst on the income statement is net sales revenue, while on the balance sheet it is total assets. This approach to financial statement analysis, also known as component percentages, produces common-size financial statements. Price/sale ratio: About Price to Sales Ratio(P/S) The price to sales ratio (PS ratio) is calculated by dividing stock price by the revenue per share.It is most useful for comparing companies within a sector or industry because â€Å"normal† values for this ratio vary from industry to industry. In general, low price to sales ratios are more appealing because they suggest that a company is undervalue d. P/E ratio: About Price to Earnings Ratio The price to earnings ratio (PE Ratio) is the measure of the share price relative to the annual net income earned by the firm per share. PE ratio shows current investor demand for a company share. A high PE ratio generally indicates increased demand because investors anticipate earnings growth in the future.The PE ratio has units of years, which can be interpreted as the number of years of earnings to pay back purchase price. PRICE/BOOK VALUE RATIO: About Price to Book Ratio The price to book value is a financial ratio used to compare a company's book value to its current market price. Book value is an accounting term denoting the portion of the company held by the shareholders at accounting value (not market value). In other words, book value is the company's total tangible assets less its total liabilities. DCF METHOD: Beta(? ) The Beta (? of a stock or portfolio is a number describing the correlated volatility of an asset in relation to the volatility of the benchmark that said asset is being compared to. This benchmark is generally the overall financial market and is often estimated via the use of representative indices, such as the S;P 500. An asset has a beta of zero if its moves are not correlated with the benchmark's moves. A positive beta means that the asset generally follows the benchmark, in the sense that the asset tends to move up when the benchmark moves up, and the asset tends to move down when the benchmark moves down.A negative beta means that the asset generally moves opposite the benchmark: the asset tends to move up when the benchmark moves down, and the asset tends to move down when the benchmark moves up. It measures the part of the asset's statistical variance that cannot be removed by the diversification provided by the portfolio of many risky assets, because of the correlation of its returns with the returns of the other assets that are in the portfolio. Beta can be estimated for individual companies using regression analysis against a stock market index. The formula for the beta of an asset within a portfolio is here ra measures the rate of return of the asset, rp measures the rate of return of the portfolio, cov(ra,rp) is the covariance between the rates of return. The portfolio of interest in the CAPM formulation is the market portfolio that contains all risky assets, and so the rp terms in the formula are replaced by rm, the rate of return of the market. Beta is also referred to as financial elasticity or correlated relative volatility, and can be referred to as a measure of the sensitivity of the asset's returns to market returns, its non-diversifiable risk, its systematic risk, or market risk.The market itself is considered to have a Beta of 1. Using regression analysis, the beta of the stock is calculated. If the beta of the stock is greater than 1, this means the stock’s prices are more volatile than the market, and vice verse. For example, if a stock ha s a beta of 1. 2, this means that a 1% change in the market index will bring about a 1. 2% change in the stock’s price. Stocks with high beta are considered to be more risky compared to the ones with low beta. Bollinger Bands: Bollinger Bands  is a  technical analysis  tool invented byJohn Bollinger in the 1980s, and a term  trademarked   by him in 2011.Having evolved from the concept of trading bands, Bollinger Bands and the related indicators  %b  and bandwidth  can be used to measure the highness or lowness of the price relative to previous trades. Bollinger Bands consist of: * an  N-period  moving average (MA) * an upper band at  K  times an  N-period  standard deviation  above the moving average (MA  +  K? ) * a lower band at  K  times an  N-period  standard deviation below the moving average (MA  ? K? ) Typical values for  N  and  K  are 20 and 2, respectively.The default choice for the average is a simple  moving av erage, but other types of averages can be employed as needed. Exponential moving averages  are a common second choice. Usually the same period is used for both the middle band and the calculation of standard deviation. INTERPRETATION: The use of Bollinger Bands varies widely among traders. Some traders buy when price touches the lower Bollinger Band and exit when price touches the moving average in the center of the bands. Other traders buy when price breaks above the upper Bollinger Band or sell when price falls below the lower Bollinger Band.Moreover, the use of Bollinger Bands is not confined to stock traders;  options  traders, most notably  implied volatility traders, often sell options when Bollinger Bands are historically far apart or buy options when the Bollinger Bands are historically close together, in both instances, expecting volatility to revert back towards the average historical volatility level for the stock. When the bands lie close together a period of low   volatility  in stock price is indicated. When they are far apart a period of high volatility in price is indicated.When the bands have only a slight slope and lie approximately parallel for an extended time the price of a stock will be found to oscillate up and down between the bands as though in a channel. Traders are often inclined to use Bollinger Bands with other indicators to see if there is confirmation. In particular, the use of an oscillator like Bollinger Bands will often be coupled with a non-oscillator indicator like  chart patterns  or a  trendline; if these indicators confirm the recommendation of the Bollinger Bands, the trader will have greater evidence that what the bands forecast is correct.Monte carlo simulation: Risk analysis is part of every decision we make. We are constantly faced with uncertainty, ambiguity, and variability. And even though we have unprecedented access to information, we can’t accurately predict the future. Monte Carlo simul ation (also known as the Monte Carlo Method) lets you see all the possible outcomes of your decisions and assess the impact of risk, allowing for better decision making under uncertainty. Monte Carlo simulation is a computerized mathematical technique that allows people to account for risk in quantitative analysis and decision making.The technique is used by professionals in such widely disparate fields as finance, project management, energy, manufacturing, engineering, research and development, insurance, oil & gas, transportation, and the environment. Monte Carlo simulation furnishes the decision-maker with a range of possible outcomes and the probabilities they will occur for any choice of action.. It shows the extreme possibilities—the outcomes of going for broke and for the most conservative decision—along with all possible consequences for middle-of-the-road decisions.The technique was first used by scientists working on the atom bomb; it was named for Monte Carl o, the Monaco resort town renowned for its casinos. Since its introduction in World War II, Monte Carlo simulation has been used to model a variety of physical and conceptual systems. ICICI BANK CHARTS The annotated chart above shows a stock that opened with a gap up. Before the open, the number of buy orders exceeded the number of sell orders and the price was raised to attract more sellers. Demand was brisk from the start. The intraday high reflects the strength of demand (buyers). The intraday low reflects the availability of supply (sellers).The close represents the final price agreed upon by the buyers and the sellers. In this case, the close is well below the high and much closer to the low. This tells that even though demand (buyers) was strong during the day, supply (sellers) ultimately prevailed and forced the price back down. Even after this selling pressure, the close remained above the open. By looking at price action over an extended period of time, we can see the battl e between supply and demand unfold. In its most basic form, higher prices reflect increased demand and lower prices reflect increased supply. Interpretation:The Rate-of-Change (ROC) indicator, which is also referred to as simply Momentum, is a pure  momentum oscillator  that measures the percent change in price from one period to the next. The ROC calculation compares the current price with the price â€Å"n† periods ago. The plot forms an oscillator that fluctuates above and below the zero line as the Rate-of-Change moves from positive to negative. As a momentum oscillator, ROC signals include centerline crossovers, divergences and overbought-oversold readings. Divergences fail to foreshadow reversals more often than not so this article will forgo a discussion on divergences.Even though centerline crossovers are prone to whipsaw, especially short-term, these crossovers can be used to identify the overall trend. Identifying overbought or oversold extremes comes natural to the Rate-of-Change oscillator. Standard deviation chart that measures the amount of variability or dispersion around an average. Standard deviation is also a measure of volatility. Generally speaking, dispersion is the difference between the actual value and the average value. The larger this dispersion or variability is, the higher the standard deviation. The smaller this dispersion or variability is, the lower the standard deviation.Chartists can use the Standard Deviation to measure expected risk and determine the significance of certain price movements. BRIEF ABOUT PORTFOLIO Annexure: News Analysis Regarding Portfolio * Bajaj Corp Nirmal Bang is bullish on Bajaj Corp and has recommended buy rating on the stock with a target of Rs 228 in its October 9, 2012 research report. â€Å"We have upgraded our FY13E and FY14E earnings estimates for Bajaj Corp (BCL) by 6. 4% and 3. 7%, respectively, factoring in higher gross margins. Consequently, we have increased our target price on the stock to Rs228 (from Rs220 earlier) and retained Buy rating on it. † * DABUR INDIA LTD..AnandRathi has come out with its report on consumer sector. The research firm recommend`s buy on ITC, Nestle India, Colgate, GSK Consumer, Emami, Pidilite, Agro Tech Foods, Bajaj Corp. , Lovable Lingerie, Zydus Wellness, and Tilaknagar Industries. Dabur, Marico as Hold, and have Sell on HUL, Asian Paints, Britannia, and VST Industries. Consumer companies are expected to report 17% revenue growth, led by higher volumes and prices. We expect stable EBITDA margins, despite rise in raw material costs (up 7-8%) and reduced weights. With tax rates likely to rise 50-150bps, we expect net profit to increase only 15% yoy.Revenues on the rise:  We expect sector revenues to grow 17%, led by volume and price. Offtake from the Canteen Stores Department, comprising 8% of sales, would be subdued. However, rupee depreciation of 10-12% will benefit companies with more than 15% in exports (Asian Paints, M arico, Dabur). * Bharti Airtel Top telecom carrier  Bharti Airtel  Ã‚  will bid in an upcoming auction of mobile phone airwaves, said a company source, who declined to be named as the matter is not public yet. The airwaves auction is the result of a Supreme Court order to revoke permits issued in a scandal-tainted sale in 2008.Bharti Airtel is not affected by that court order but it could be looking to buy additional spectrum. Friday is the deadline for companies to submit their application to participate in the auction, which is scheduled to start on November 12. ICICI BANK: SBI  Ã‚  ,  HDFC Bank  Ã‚  and  ICICI Bank  Ã‚  are the best bets, says Sudarshan Sukhani, s2analytics. com. Jaiprakash Associates  Ã‚  , they had set a target of about Rs 100, much lower when it was Rs 80-81. It is almost there. So now for people who hold positions there are the potential of more gains, but at Rs 95 I do not know if a trader can actually buy. The targets are just in front of us .Perhaps the stocks will consolidate. Perhaps it could go up and it may not. † He further added, â€Å"The risk-reward is no longer in favor of a short-term trader. For actually people who still hold them I think there is more upside. † â€Å"The Bank  Nifty  itself becomes a buying opportunity as we just entered the last half an hour of trading. The Nifty is clearly above the 5700 level. I had explained earlier that we do not need a level on the Bank Nifty. If the Nifty is trading above 5700 we can buy the Nifty as well as the Bank Nifty and we should, at least the aggressive traders should. The CNX-IT can be left alone.Which are the best stocks in the Bank Nifty to go along with? It is State Bank of India, HDFC Bank and ICICI Bank. OBSERVATION: ICICI Bank- Key Fundamentals Market Cap (Rs Cr. ): 118,375 EPS – TTM (Rs):64. 19 P/E Ratio (x):15. 91 Face Value (Rs):10. 00 Latest Div. (%):165. 00 Div. Yield (%):1. 60 Book Value / sh. (Rs) :523. 79 P/B Ratio (x): 1. 96 CONCLUSION: There are many online services which offer tools that enable us to choose investments plus those which offer relatively affordable trade margins. These options are basically for everyone though experienced traders could be well versed with them.To evaluate a good online trading service we need to look at the several factors. Issues to do with fees plus commissions for doing business can quickly rise up. Comprehensive services should be able to provide extended markets in addition to investment services including other retirement options. Since purchasing and selling at online stock trading is nerve racking, overall best services provide instant messaging as well as phone support. Bibliography: www. Moneycontrol. com www. Bseindia. com www. Nseindia. com www. Wikipedia. com ANNEXURE :- As per 1st NOV 2012:-

Reaction Times Essay Example

Reaction Times Essay Example Reaction Times Essay Reaction Times Essay Hypotheses: 1) Boys are faster than girls are 2) Right-handed students are faster than left-handed students are 3) Right-handed boys are faster than right-handed girls are Possible methods of testing 1. Hit the mole (arcade game)- I would time how many moles they could hit in one minute, repeat this 3 times to get a fair result and then find an average. This would be read as the higher the number of moles that are hit, the faster the reaction. However you would have to travel to an arcade to carry this test out and it would be extremely expensive. 2. Stopwatch- I would tell the student to stop it at a certain time e.g. 2 minutes, and however many seconds before or after they stopped the stopwatch, would be their reaction time, the closer the number of seconds it is to 2 minutes, the faster the reaction. This would of course be repeated 3 times to get a fair result and then the average found. However the stopwatch buttons may get stuck, therefore altering results. 3. Dropping a ruler- I would take a 30cm ruler and make sure that the zero is inline with the index finger. I would then drop the ruler, which would be caught by the student (who is standing), then the number of cms nearest to the index finger where the zero was lined up with, would be taken down as the reading for their reaction times. The results would be read as, the lower the number of cms, the quicker the reaction. This would be repeated 3 times for each student, to get a fair result, and then the mean found. This is the best method of testing, because it doesnt cost money, you dont need to travel and no errors can be found with a ruler. How is it a fair test? I will make this a fair test by: * Using the same 30cm ruler * Making sure the students are standing * Making sure the zero on the ruler is in line with the index finger of the student * Standing the students in the same position * Testing all students at the same time of day * Repeating each test 3 times * Using only year 10 students Note: All Reactions are measured in cms Methods of sampling Hypothesis 1 Boys are faster than girls are There are 307 year 10 students in this school, of which I need 50. I will use stratified sampling to find a fair number of girls and boys. Out of 307 students, 156 are girls and 151 are boys. To pick the 25 girls and 25 boys from the data bank, I will use systematic sampling whereby I will role a dice, then take the number it lands on and then pick every nth person on the list. I have rolled a 4, so I will pick every 4th person on the list, until I have my complete total of 25 girls and boys. I will use 4 to select the people for all 3 hypotheses. Hypothesis 2 Right-handed students are faster than left-handed students are I will again use stratified sampling, to find a fair number of left-handed and right-handed students that I need to total 50, out of the 307 year 10 students. There are 234 right-handed students, and 73 left-handed people. To select the 38 right-handed students and the 12 left-handed students, I will pick every 4th person, as I did for hypothesis 1. Hypothesis 3 Right-handed boys are faster than right-handed girls are Out of the 307 year 10 students, 127 are right-handed boys, and 107 and right-handed girls. To find the proportion of right-handed boys and girls that I need to make 50 I will again use stratified sampling. To select my 27 right-handed boys and 23 right-handed girls, I will pick every 4th person from the data bank. Testing Hypothesis 1 Boys are faster than girls are I found the averages for my sample of 50 students, and decided to arrange the results into grouped-data tables for convenience and accuracy. My groups were decided as: Reaction (cms) 0-5 extremely fast 5-10 fairly fast 10-20 average 20-25 slow 25-30 Very slow The results for boys were as follows- Reaction Tally Frequency Cumulative Frequency 0 ; r ; 5 0 0 5 ; r ; 10 12 12 10 ; r ; 20 12 24 20 ; r ; 25 1 25 25 ; r ; 30 0 25 The results for girls were as follows- Reaction Tally Frequency Cumulative Frequency 0 ; r ; 5 0 0 5 ; r ; 10 5 5 10 ; r ; 20 16 21 20 ; r ; 25 03 24 25 ; r ; 30 01 25 I will use a cumulative frequency graph with the inter-quartile range and box-plots. I will use A Cumulative Frequency Graph as I will be able to compare ranges (I.Q.R.), find the median and aid with boxplots to identify outliers and show skewness. As I expect the boys reaction to be faster than the girls I will expect the line representing the boys to be steeper than the line representing the girls. Testing Hypothesis 2 Right-handed students are faster than left-handed students I found the averages for my sample of 50 students, and decided to arrange the results into grouped-data tables for convenience and accuracy. My groups were decided as: Reaction (cms) 0-5 extremely fast 5-10 fairly fast 10-20 average 20-25 slow 25-30 very slow The results for right-handed students were as follows- Reaction Tally Frequency Frequency density 0 r 5 0 0/5=0 5 r 10 11 11/5=2.2 10 r 20 23 23/10=2.3 20 r 25 3 3/5=0.6 25 r 30 1 1/5=0.2 The results for left-handed students were as follows- Reaction Tally Frequency Frequency density 0 r 5 0 0/5=0 5 r 10 0 0/5=0 10 r 20 12 12/10=1.2 20 r 25 0 0/5=0 25 r 30 0 0/5=0 I will use a Histogram, to find the median. As I expect the right-handed students to be faster, I will expect the median for the right-handed students to be lower than for the left-handed students. Right-handed Median = 13.5 Left-handed Median = 15 Conclusion for Hypothesis 2 The medians again prove that my 2nd hypothesis is correct. Right-handed students are faster than left-handed students because the right-handed students achieved a median of 13.5 whereas the left-handed students achieved a median of 15, making the right-handed students average faster. Testing Hypothesis 3 Right-handed boys are faster than right-handed girls are I found the averages for my sample of 50 students, and decided to arrange the results into grouped-data tables for convenience and accuracy. My groups were decided as: Reaction (cms) 0-5 extremely fast 5-10 fairly fast 10-20 average 20-25 slow 25-31 very slow The results for right-handed boys were as follows- Reaction Tally Frequency Mid-point Mid-point x Frequency 0 r 5 0 2.5 0 x 2.5=0 5 r 10 10 7.5 10 x 7.5=75 10 r 20 15 15 15 x 15=225 20 r 25 02 22.5 2 x 22.5=45 25 r 30 0 27.5 0 x 27.5=0 27 345 The results for right-handed girls were as follows- Reaction Tally Frequency Mid-point Mid-point x Frequency 0 r 5 0 2.5 0 x 2.5=0 5 r 10 7 7.5 7 x 7.5=52.5 10 r 20 13 15 13 x 15=195 20 r 25 2 22.5 2 x 22.5=45 25 r 30 1 27.5 1 x 27.5=27.5 23 320 The estimated mean for right-handed boys is 13 The estimated mean for right-handed girls is 14 Conclusion for Hypothesis 3 The estimated mean for the right-handed boys is 13 whereas the estimated mean for the right-handed girls is 14, this means that the boys are faster because they have a faster average than the girls do. This proves my 3rd hypothesis correct I used the estimated mean in order to get an immediate result of who is faster out of everybody. It also means I will be able to find the standard deviation (page 7 7a). Testing Hypothesis 3 (continued) Although I have already proved the 3rd hypothesis correct, I am going to put the data into a histogram, to secure my conclusion. The tables of results were arranged in the same way Right-handed boys- Reaction Tally Frequency Frequency density 0 r 5 0 0/5=0 5 r 10 10 10/5=2 10 r 20 15 15/10=1.5 20 r 25 2 2/5=0.4 25 r 30 0 0/5=0 27 Right-handed girls- Reaction Tally Frequency Frequency density 0 r 5 0 0/5=0 5 r 10 7 7/5=1.4 10 r 20 13 13/10=1.3 20 r 25 2 2/5=0.4 25 r 30 1 1/5=0.2 23 The Medians Right-handed boys = 12 Right-handed girls = 13.5 Conclusion for 2 for hypothesis 3 I can see from the Medians, which I read off of the histograms, that Right-handed boys are faster than Right-handed girls are. The right-handed boys median was 12 whereas the girls median was 13.5 making the right-handed girls slightly less- faster than the boys are. This proves my 3rd and final hypothesis right for the second time. Testing Hypothesis 3 (continued 2) The estimated mean for boys = 13 The estimated mean for girls = 14 The method of how I found the estimated means, is on page 5 Mid Point (x) Frequency (f) Mid point Estimated mean (x-x) (Mid point Estimated mean) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ (x-x) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Frequency x (Mid point Estimated mean) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ f(x-x) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 2.5 0 2.5-13= -10.5 -10.5à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 110.25 0 x 110.25= 0 7.5 10 7.5-13= -5.5 -5.5à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½= 30.25 10 x 30.25= 302.5 15 15 15-13= 2 2à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½= 4 15 x 4= 60 22.5 2 22.5-13= 9.5 9.5à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½= 90.25 2 x 90.25= 180.5 27.5 0 27.5-13= 14.5 14.5à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½= 210.25 0 x 210.25= 0 ? =27 ? =543 The standard deviation for the right-handed boys is (to 3 s.f.): 4.48 Mid Point (x) Frequency (f) Mid point Estimated mean (x-x) (Mid point Estimated mean) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ (x-x) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Frequency x (Mid point Estimated mean) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ f(x-x) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 2.5 0 2.5 14 = -11.5 -11.5à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 132.25 0 x 132.25 = 0 7.5 7 7.5 14 = -6.5 -6.5à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 42.25 7 x 42.25 = 295.75 15 13 15 14 = 1 1à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 1 13 x 1 = 13 22.5 2 22.5 14 = 8.5 8.5à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 72.25 2 x 72.25 = 144.5 27.5 1 27.5 14 = 13.5 13.5à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 182.25 1 x 182.25 = 182.25 ? =23 ? =635.5 The standard deviation for the right-handed girls is (to 3 s.f.): 5.26 Conclusion 3 for Hypothesis 3 The standard deviation value of the right-handed boys is lower, which means that the right-handed boys are more consistant Also I can see from the Standard deviation methods on page 7a, that 95% of the right-handed boys reaction ranged between 4.04cm and 21.96cm whereas 95% of the right-handed girls ranged between 3.48cm and 24.52cm, this again shows that the boys are more consistent. I expect to find the median and expect of the boys to be lower than the girls. Further improvements If I were to do this investigation again, I would re-do Hypothesis 1. I would find and remove the outliers from the data, and re-construct my cumulative frequency graph, to see if it altered the results, which I have found. Also I would place the data for each hypothesis, into other forms of graphs (i.e. histograms for hypothesis 1, cumulative frequency for hypothesis 2 etc). This would ensure that my conclusions are more precise and correct, as I did for hypothesis 3 where I used the estimated mean, a histogram and then found the standard deviation. Furthermore, I would test other hypotheses such as Right-handed girls are faster than Left-handed boys are etc. I could also change the age group, and see if I get different results to what I have, for each hypothesis. Another thing I could change is the form of test, so instead of dropping the ruler I could try the stopwatch experiment. Overall Conclusion After analyzing all of the results from the tests for all 3 hypotheses, I can see that my hypotheses were correct. For hypothesis 1, the Median for the boys was 10 whereas the median for the girls was 13. This meant that the boys were faster than the girls were. Also the box plots and the steepness of the lines from cumulative frequency graph showed the boys were faster. For hypothesis 2, the Right-handed students proved to be faster than left-handed students because the right-handed students had a median of 13.5 whereas the left-handed students achieved a median of 15. This meant that right-handed students average was faster. For the 3rd hypothesis the boys estimated mean was 13 whereas the girls estimated mean was 14. This showed that the right-handed boys average was faster than the right-handed girls was, making the right-handed boys faster. I also put the data into a histogram. The Median for the right-handed boys was 12 whereas the right-handed girls, was 13.5. This proves again that the right-handed boys were faster than the right-handed girls were. I found the standard deviations for the right-handed girls and boys. It showed that the boys were more consistent than the girls were. Conclusion for Hypothesis 1 The Median for the boys is 10 whereas the median for the girls is 13. This already proves my hypothesis correct boys are faster than girls are. Also, on the box-plots 3/4 of the boys have a reaction between 10 and 13 whereas 3/4 of the girls have a reaction between 13 and 17, so the majority of boys are faster than the girls are. I can also see from the whiskers of the box plots that there are outliers. There is a boy who is extremely slow in comparison to the majority of the boys and a girl who is also extremely slow in comparison to the majority of the girls. The steepness of the boys graph proves again that the boys have a faster reaction than the girls do. Furthermore, I can see from the inter-quartile ranges, (which represent the middle-half of the sample) that the girls are slower, the reaction of the middle half being 6.5 and the boys being 4.5. In addition to this, I can see from the inter-quartile ranges that the boys are more consistent as their range is closer together 8.5 13 compared to the girls ranging from 10.5 17 Maths Statistics Coursework: Reaction times